No health without peace. Nothing more to say.

The right to health was laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, reaffirmed in the Alma Ata declaration, and remains embedded in contemporary WHO priorities. There is no credible path to achieving it that can run through perpetual conflict. Responding to the health consequences of war is necessary, but it cannot substitute for the conditions required to build, protect, and sustain health systems. Ambitions for equity, resilience, preparedness, and universal access cannot be realised amid chronic insecurity. 

Peace is not adjacent to health—it is foundational.

The Lancet editorial (2026) (pdf Volume 407, Issue 10523, 1)

Photo Jordi Soldevila. Geometries de la injustícia. Desesperació.
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València. Building Disaster Resilience: A Systems Approach to Leadership Communication

 

This commentary published by Rand  by Millard McElwee and Monika Cooper last November the 4th (2024), can serve the Spanish authorities (local, autonomous communities and national) to reflect on how to improve the communication of possible disasters such as the one that occurred in València.

Some thoughts: 

"The future of disaster resilience requires us to learn from past political failures, such as the response to Hurricane Katrina, where the lack of clear communication and cohesive narratives deepened mistrust and fragmented communities. 

The inability to align messages across federal, state, and local levels not only delayed critical aid but also exposed the consequences of failing to address social and political divides. 

To move forward, policies must integrate AI and green infrastructure with a focus on rebuilding trust through transparent, unified narratives that guide communities in understanding risks and empowering them to act. Only by bridging these divides can the resilience needed to confront future climate threats be built".

Acces to the commentary: Building disaster resilience

Photo Jordi Soldevila. Geometries de la injustícia

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War is hell: Mental health consequences of war #stopthewar

War has a catastrophic effect on the health and well being of nations. Studies have shown that conflict situations cause more mortality and disability than any major disease. War destroys communities and families and disrupts the social and economic development of nations.

The effects of war include long-term physical and psychological harm to children and adults, as well as reduction in material and human capital. Among the consequences of war, the impact on the mental health of the civilian population is one of the most significant. Other consequences, besides deaths include endemic poverty, malnutrition, disability, economic/social decline and psychosocial illness, to mention only a few.

Women are more affected than men. Other vulnerable groups are children, the elderly and the disabled.

This paper briefly reviews the evidence from published literature about the impact of war on the mental health of the general population, the refugees, the soldiers and specific vulnerable groups. The review presents data concerning some major wars/conflicts and then briefly outlines the risk factors emerging from the literature.

Prevalence rates are associated with the degree of trauma, and the availability of physical and emotional support. The use of cultural and religious coping strategies is frequent in developing countries.

Mental health and war: brief review (article pdf) (2006)

photo: Emilio Morenatti

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Alert: health care professionals and stress impact during the COVID-19

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the front lines against COVID-19 may face increased workload, and stress. Understanding HCPs’ risk for burnout is critical to supporting HCPs and maintaining the quality of healthcare during the pandemic.

Large numbers of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the frontlines against COVID-19 face high adversity, workloads, and stress, making them vulnerable to burnout.

• Burnout: Defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal achievement, is known to detract from optimal working capacities, It has been found to be driven by high job stress, high time pressure and workload, and poor organizational support.

We present a preprint article: Factors Contributing to Healthcare Professional Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Turnaround Global Survey (2020)

Method: To assess exposure, perceptions, workload, and possible burnout of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic the authors conducted a cross-sectional survey.

The main outcomes and measures were HCPs’ self-assessment of burnout and other experiences and attitudes associated with working during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Burnout was associated with:

• Work impacting household activities
• Feeling pushed beyond training
• Exposure to COVID-19 patients
• Making life prioritizing decisions
• Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Limited organizatins support

Implications: Athough the results have multiple limitations including a non-validated questionnaire, minimal demographic data collection, and sampling method using social media the institutions should put the emphasis in support these individuals as they face enormous stress that can negatively impact their emotional and physical well-being.

Some actions that proactively instituions should do:

• Develop a resilience training: resilience refers to an individual’s ability to handle stress and recover quickly from the effects of adversity
• Cut drastically the belief of  HCP feeling that their organization doesn’t value their well-being.
• HCPs should feel secure knowing that management care about them and the management are doing as much as possible to handle with the adverse situation
  
• Support for HCPs’ families,
  
• Provide PPE,
  
• Provide mental health resources

Acces to the preprint article (pdf available)

Final article

photo: Life

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What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG)

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is preventable.

Over the last two decades, the global community has come to recognise the profound impact of violence on the lives of women and girls. This fundamentally undermines their health and well-being, and stands as a barrier to women’s full participation in global development and the economic and civic life of their communities.

What works to prevent violence published last january 2020 a brief where evaluated the design and implementation of diferent interventions designed to reduce VAWG. The interventions were included in four different groups:

• Community activism approaches to shift harmful gender attitudes, roles and social norms
• Combined gender transformation and economic empowerment interventions
• Couples’ interventions and special populations
• Prevention of violence among and against children

The brief show many examples of well-designed, well-implemented interventions of different modalities. Ten core elements of the design and implementations have contributed to their success.

Eight elements related to the design of the interventions:

1. Rigorously planned, with a robust theory of change, rooted in knowledge of local context.
2. Address multiple drivers of VAW, such as gender inequity, poverty, poor communication and marital conflict
3. Especially in highly patriarchal contexts, work with women and men, and where relevant, families.
4. Based on theories of gender and social empowerment that view behaviour change as a collective rather than solely individual process, and foster positive interpersonal relations and gender equity
5. Use group-based participatory learning methods, for adults and children, that emphasise empowerment, critical reflection, communication and conflict resolution skills building.
6. Age-appropriate design for children with a longer time for learning and an engaging pedagogy such as sport and play
7. Carefully designed, user-friendly manuals and materials supporting all intervention components to accomplish their goals.
8. Integrate support for survivors of violence.

Two elements related to the implementation of the interventions:

1. Optimal intensity: duration and frequency of sessions and overall programme length enables time for reflection and experiential learning
2. Staff and volunteers are selected for their gender equitable attitudes and non-violence behaviour, and are thoroughly trained, supervised and supported.

What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls is an innovative global programme working in 13 countries across the world building the evidence base on What Works to prevent violence in low-middle income settings.

Access article (pdf) 2020 What works brief

photo: Vivian Maier (1980)
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World Health Statistics 2013

World Health Statistics 2013 contains WHO’s annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States, and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets.

This year, it also includes highlight summaries on the topics of reducing the gaps between the world’s most-advantaged and least-advantaged countries, and on current trends in official development assistance (ODA) for health.

• Every day 800 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth 
• 80% of death from malaria occur just in 14 countries  
• Children in low-income countries are 16 times more likely to die before reaching the age of five than children in high-income countries

Direct acces to the page:  WHO STATISTICS 2013  Available in English, French and Spanish. 
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